Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic language of the communication or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communication protocol in a private network (either an Intranet or a extranet).

TCP/IP Models Layers:
Model protocol TCP/IP uses four span layers that, logically, the equivalent of the six layers of the model of reference OSI, The physical layer are not covered by model protocol TCP/IP because the data link layer is regarded as the point where interface occurs; interface between pile TCP/IP and the material subjacent network. The following text is model protocol TCP/IP of layers, while starting with bottom.

1. Application Layer:
   In TCP/IP, the layer application also includes/understands the layer OSI Presentation and Session Layer. In this document, an application is a process which occurs above the layer of transport. That includes/understands all of the processes together which imply the interaction of user. The application determines the presentation of the data and controls of the session. In TCP/IP, the socket and the port terms are used to describe the way on which applications to communicate. There exists many level of TCP/IP application of protocols TCP/IP, including Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (smtp) and POP (Post Office Protocol) used for the e-mail, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) used for the World-Wide-Web, and of file Transfer Protocol (ftp). Majority of the protocols of level of the application are associated with one or more number of port.
   
   
2. Transport Layer:In TCP/IP, there exist two protocols of layer of transport. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) guarantees that the information is received as it was sent. The UDP (User Datagram Protocol) does not carry out end at the end of the reliability of controls.
   
   
3. Internet Layer:
   In the model of reference OSI the network layer isolates the protocols from roadbase, the details of the sub-network and manages connections on the network. Protocol IP (Internet Protocol) is generally described like the TCP/IP Network Layer. Because of the Inter-Networking accent of TCP/IP, this commonly layer Internet commonly is called. All in top and bottom Travels through the layer of communication IP such a way that they are transmitted by the intermediary of protocol TCP/IP protocol stack.
   
   
4. Network Access Layer:
   In TCP/IP, the data link layer and the physical layer are normally gathered. TCP/IP allows the use of the data links and the physical layer of the standards rather than to define its own means. The majority of the RFC which refers to the data link layer describe how the existing intellectual property of data link uses protocols such as Ethernet, Token-ring, FDDI, HSSI, and the ATM. The characteristics of the material which transmits the signal of communication are generally defined by the physical layer.
   

The four layers of TCP/IP is built on the basis of information transmitted to leave the applications of the physical layer of the network. When data are sent, each milked layer all information it receives layer above that the data and adds information of control to before these data. This control of the information is called a heading, and the addition in the a heading is called encapsulation. When the data are received, the procedure proceeds opposite each layer removes its head before passing the data to the layer above.